Vasectomies are considered permanent. Although some may be reversible, there are no guarantees. Some people save a sample of sperm just in case they would like to fertilize an egg in the future. Make sure you understand that you will likely never have children in the future after your vasectomy. Vasectomies have a low risk of complications. You will still need to practice safe and protected sex, as a vasectomy will not protect you against any sexually transmitted infections. Full recovery takes, on average, a week. [2] X Research source
Your doctor will first apply a localized anaesthetic. This will numb the area and eliminate any pain. The vas deferens are then located by your doctor. This is a simple step which your doctor is able to find the vas deferens simply by feeling for them. A small and specialized tool is used next to make a hole in the skin of the scrotum. This hole will allow your doctor to access the vas deferens directly. The vas deferens, once exposed, will be cut and then tied. By cutting and tying these tubes, sperm are prevented from leaving the body, eliminating the chances of reproducing. Modern techniques cause very little bleeding and no stitches should be required.
Side effects that can occur immediately after the surgery: Bleeding. Blood may appear in semen, at the site of your vasectomy, or a blood clot may form inside the scrotum. Bruising or swelling at the site of the surgery. Discomfort or mild pain. Infection, as with any surgery, is a possibility. Long term complications that may occur are: Chronic pain, which is rare, may occur after your vasectomy. Fluid build-up, or inflammation resulting from leaking sperm. Pregnancy, in the rare case that the vasectomy failed.
You and your partner should be completely confident in your decision not to have anymore children. Although you can get a reversal, the success rate is only about 50%, and reversals aren’t covered by insurance. [6] X Expert Source Robert Dhir, MDBoard Certified Urologist & Urological Surgeon Expert Interview. 12 October 2020.
Any history with excessive bleeding or blood disorders. As this is a surgery, any issues with blood loss need to be discussed. If you have any allergies, specifically to anaesthetics. Anaesthetics will be used during the vasectomy, and your doctor will need to know if you are unable to receive them. Inform your doctor if you have any skin diseases, especially on or around the scrotum. If you regularly use aspirin or any other medication that thins the blood. Any previous injury, surgery, or any current or repeat infections of the male genitalia or urinary tract.
Stop taking any any medication that might thin the blood, which includes aspirin, warfarin, heparin and ibuprofen. Trim body hair and clean the area that will be worked on. Find a pair of tight or supporting underwear to bring with you on the day of your surgery. This will help minimize swelling and support the area after the surgery. Find someone to drive you home from the surgery. This is to minimize aggravating the areas affected by the vasectomy.
If you develop a fever or signs of infection, seek medical help immediately. Support the scrotum, either using a bandage or supportive underwear, for 48 hours. Keep the area cool by using ice packs for the first 48 hours. This helps reduce swelling or inflammation. Avoid physical activity for at least one day after the surgery. Too much activity can cause injury and bleeding in the scrotum. Avoid bathing or swimming for, at minimum, one day after the surgery. Avoid heavy lifting for seven days. You can return to work after 1-2 days if you have a desk job, but if your job is more physical in nature, it’s best to take several days off before you return. [10] X Expert Source Robert Dhir, MDBoard Certified Urologist & Urological Surgeon Expert Interview. 12 October 2020.
Follow up includes a sperm count 3-4 months after the procedure to check and see how many sperm the man has in his sample. The couple can then stop short term birth control. The vasectomy can sometimes be reversed, but this does not always work.
